2012, നവംബർ 30, വെള്ളിയാഴ്‌ച

Sea level rising 60 percent faster than estimated


Washington: The world's sea level is rising 60 percent faster than the central projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), says a new study. Satellite measurements show the sea level is actually rising at a rate of 3.2 mm a year compared to the estimate of two mm a year in the IPCC report. Results were obtained by taking averages from the five available global land and ocean temperature series, the journal Environmental Research Letters reports. The study was led by Stefan Rahmstorf, professor of physics of the oceans at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany. It included researchers from Tempo Analytics, US, and Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales, France The researchers believe the findings are important for keeping a track of how well past projections match the accumulating observational data. 'This study shows once again that the IPCC is far from alarmist. But in fact has under-estimated the problem of climate change. That applies not just for sea-level rise, but also to extreme events and the Arctic sea-ice loss,' Rahmstorf said. The study involved an analysis of global temperatures and sea-level data over the past two decades, comparing them both to projections made in the IPCC's third and fourth assessment reports, according to a Postdam statement. After removing the three known phenomena that cause short-term variability in global temperatures -- solar variations, volcanic aerosols and El Nino/Southern Oscillation -- the researchers found the overall warming trend at the moment is 0.16 degree Celsius per decade, which closely follows the IPCC's projections. Satellite measurements of sea levels, however, showed a different picture with current rates of increase being 60 percent faster than the IPCC's AR4 projections. Satellites measure sea-level rise by bouncing radar waves back off the sea surface and are much more accurate than tide gauges as they have near-global coverage; tide gauges only sample along the coast. Tide gauges also include variability that has nothing to do with changes in global sea level, but rather with how the water moves around in the oceans, such as under the influence of wind..

Sea level rising 60 percent faster than estimated


Washington: The world's sea level is rising 60 percent faster than the central projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), says a new study. Satellite measurements show the sea level is actually rising at a rate of 3.2 mm a year compared to the estimate of two mm a year in the IPCC report. Results were obtained by taking averages from the five available global land and ocean temperature series, the journal Environmental Research Letters reports. The study was led by Stefan Rahmstorf, professor of physics of the oceans at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany. It included researchers from Tempo Analytics, US, and Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales, France The researchers believe the findings are important for keeping a track of how well past projections match the accumulating observational data. 'This study shows once again that the IPCC is far from alarmist. But in fact has under-estimated the problem of climate change. That applies not just for sea-level rise, but also to extreme events and the Arctic sea-ice loss,' Rahmstorf said. The study involved an analysis of global temperatures and sea-level data over the past two decades, comparing them both to projections made in the IPCC's third and fourth assessment reports, according to a Postdam statement. After removing the three known phenomena that cause short-term variability in global temperatures -- solar variations, volcanic aerosols and El Nino/Southern Oscillation -- the researchers found the overall warming trend at the moment is 0.16 degree Celsius per decade, which closely follows the IPCC's projections. Satellite measurements of sea levels, however, showed a different picture with current rates of increase being 60 percent faster than the IPCC's AR4 projections. Satellites measure sea-level rise by bouncing radar waves back off the sea surface and are much more accurate than tide gauges as they have near-global coverage; tide gauges only sample along the coast. Tide gauges also include variability that has nothing to do with changes in global sea level, but rather with how the water moves around in the oceans, such as under the influence of wind..

AIDS patients struggling to win battle against social exclusion

New Delhi: Usha Desai, a sex worker in Maharashtra's Parbani district, has been successful in fighting AIDS, but it is the struggle against social exclusion and stigma related to the disease that has cost her more. The 40-year-old, like over 2.3 million HIV/AIDS patients in India, feel that the real war against the disease will be won only when they will be accepted in the society. So now, she along with many other sex workers suffering from HIV/AIDS in the district under SETU, a community based organisation of sex workers and tamasha (drama) artistes, have been at the core of a small revolution that has ultimately transformed the lives of many like them. 'We want to send our children to schools, but we are unable to produce documents like residence proof, father's name, and ration card asked by school authorities. When we tell them our profession and status, we are further discriminated,' Desai told IANS over phone. 'But we are determined to fight for our and our children's right,' Desai said. Shubha Gaikwad, a member of the organization, said learning about safe-sex practices was not enough and through the organization they got to know about their rights. 'We were associated with the HIV programme since the year 2000; it enabled us to learn about safe sex, sexually transmitted infection and management of HIV. Slowly we realised that talking about health alone is not enough,' Gaikwad, a tamasha artist, said. 'Besides safe health, the women were confronted with larger issues such as those of security and social recognition. It is then that we decided we need to work towards claiming our space as women and as citizens of this land,' she said. Through the organization, they have been able to take up the issue of social entitlements, including vote id card, pension benefits, with the local authorities. Gaikwad said if the government had been able to bring the long-delayed HIV/AIDS bill some of their problems could have been addressed. Civil society groups slam government's role in delaying the HIV/AIDS bill that seeks to protect their rights and provides a redressal mechanism against discrimination. 'The drop in new HIV infection in the country is a huge feat and it has become possible because of organisations like SETU,' Akhila Sivadas, director, Centre for Advocacy and Research (CFAR) working with NGOS working on HIV/AIDS, told IANS. According to National Aids Control Organisation (NACO), an apex body that formulates policy to prevent and control HIV/AIDS in the country, the rate of new HIV/AIDS infection has come down by 56 percent in India and there are 172,041 people who have died due to AIDS in the country. But, Sivadas said the sad part is people recover from the dreaded disease, but discrimination against them continue. 'Social stigma attached to HIV/AIDS is a bigger threat yet to be won,' she told IANS. According to Nochiketa Mohanty, national development manager, AHF India Cares, 'the bill provides a redressal mechanism against discrimination in society.' 'The irony is that the bill was drafted in 2006 after a long consultation process with over 90 NGOs but it is yet to see the light of the day. We have been repeatedly asking government to show us the final draft but have been denied,' Mohanty said. AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) operates free AIDS treatment clinics in India as AHF/India Cares. The bill makes it the responsibility of the government to provide complete treatment free of cost. Amitabh Awasthi, president, Lucknow Network of Positive People feels that they have been betrayed by the government. 'What HIV/AIDS patients want is an assurance from the government that they won't die in absence of treatment. We have to face so much of discrimination at hospitals, government offices and other places and what we are asking for a right to live with dignity,' Awasthi told IANS. For Desai, in the absence of the bill, life looks like a long battle for acceptance in society. 'We feel alone in our fight.. if the government brings this bill, our life will become little bearable,' added Desai.

AIDS patients struggling to win battle against social exclusion

New Delhi: Usha Desai, a sex worker in Maharashtra's Parbani district, has been successful in fighting AIDS, but it is the struggle against social exclusion and stigma related to the disease that has cost her more. The 40-year-old, like over 2.3 million HIV/AIDS patients in India, feel that the real war against the disease will be won only when they will be accepted in the society. So now, she along with many other sex workers suffering from HIV/AIDS in the district under SETU, a community based organisation of sex workers and tamasha (drama) artistes, have been at the core of a small revolution that has ultimately transformed the lives of many like them. 'We want to send our children to schools, but we are unable to produce documents like residence proof, father's name, and ration card asked by school authorities. When we tell them our profession and status, we are further discriminated,' Desai told IANS over phone. 'But we are determined to fight for our and our children's right,' Desai said. Shubha Gaikwad, a member of the organization, said learning about safe-sex practices was not enough and through the organization they got to know about their rights. 'We were associated with the HIV programme since the year 2000; it enabled us to learn about safe sex, sexually transmitted infection and management of HIV. Slowly we realised that talking about health alone is not enough,' Gaikwad, a tamasha artist, said. 'Besides safe health, the women were confronted with larger issues such as those of security and social recognition. It is then that we decided we need to work towards claiming our space as women and as citizens of this land,' she said. Through the organization, they have been able to take up the issue of social entitlements, including vote id card, pension benefits, with the local authorities. Gaikwad said if the government had been able to bring the long-delayed HIV/AIDS bill some of their problems could have been addressed. Civil society groups slam government's role in delaying the HIV/AIDS bill that seeks to protect their rights and provides a redressal mechanism against discrimination. 'The drop in new HIV infection in the country is a huge feat and it has become possible because of organisations like SETU,' Akhila Sivadas, director, Centre for Advocacy and Research (CFAR) working with NGOS working on HIV/AIDS, told IANS. According to National Aids Control Organisation (NACO), an apex body that formulates policy to prevent and control HIV/AIDS in the country, the rate of new HIV/AIDS infection has come down by 56 percent in India and there are 172,041 people who have died due to AIDS in the country. But, Sivadas said the sad part is people recover from the dreaded disease, but discrimination against them continue. 'Social stigma attached to HIV/AIDS is a bigger threat yet to be won,' she told IANS. According to Nochiketa Mohanty, national development manager, AHF India Cares, 'the bill provides a redressal mechanism against discrimination in society.' 'The irony is that the bill was drafted in 2006 after a long consultation process with over 90 NGOs but it is yet to see the light of the day. We have been repeatedly asking government to show us the final draft but have been denied,' Mohanty said. AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) operates free AIDS treatment clinics in India as AHF/India Cares. The bill makes it the responsibility of the government to provide complete treatment free of cost. Amitabh Awasthi, president, Lucknow Network of Positive People feels that they have been betrayed by the government. 'What HIV/AIDS patients want is an assurance from the government that they won't die in absence of treatment. We have to face so much of discrimination at hospitals, government offices and other places and what we are asking for a right to live with dignity,' Awasthi told IANS. For Desai, in the absence of the bill, life looks like a long battle for acceptance in society. 'We feel alone in our fight.. if the government brings this bill, our life will become little bearable,' added Desai.

Economy grows at 5.3 percent in second quarter

New Delhi: India's economy grew at a sluggish 5.3 percent in the second quarter of 2012-13, slipping from the 6.7 percent growth posted in the corresponding quarter last fiscal, official data showed Friday. The July-September data is lower than the 5.5 percent growth registered in the gross domestic product (GDP) during the quarter ended June 30. The sluggish growth in the second quarter was mainly on account of a mere 0.2 percent growth in the manufacturing sector, against 3.4 percent in the corresponding quarter the previous fiscal. The farm sector growth dropped from to 3.1 percent to 1.2 percent. Similarly, the electricity sector's growth slumped from 10.5 percent in the second quarter of 2011-12 to 2.8 percent, according to data released by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO). However, mining and quarrying sectors showed improvement, with a growth of 1.9 percent from a decline of 5.4 percent in the corresponding quarter last year. The construction sector grew by 6.7 percent from 6.3 percent posted in the second quarter of 2011-12. India's GDP growth slumped to 6.5 percent in 2011-12, even lower than the 6.7 percent level achieved during the global financial crisis of 2008-09. The economy had expanded by 8.4 percent in 2010-11. India's GDP at factor cost at constant (2004-05) prices is estimated at Rs.12,93,922 crore in the second quarter of 2012-13, compared to Rs.12,28,982 crore during the corresponding period last year, showing a growth rate of 5.3 percent, the CSO data showed.

Economy grows at 5.3 percent in second quarter

New Delhi: India's economy grew at a sluggish 5.3 percent in the second quarter of 2012-13, slipping from the 6.7 percent growth posted in the corresponding quarter last fiscal, official data showed Friday. The July-September data is lower than the 5.5 percent growth registered in the gross domestic product (GDP) during the quarter ended June 30. The sluggish growth in the second quarter was mainly on account of a mere 0.2 percent growth in the manufacturing sector, against 3.4 percent in the corresponding quarter the previous fiscal. The farm sector growth dropped from to 3.1 percent to 1.2 percent. Similarly, the electricity sector's growth slumped from 10.5 percent in the second quarter of 2011-12 to 2.8 percent, according to data released by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO). However, mining and quarrying sectors showed improvement, with a growth of 1.9 percent from a decline of 5.4 percent in the corresponding quarter last year. The construction sector grew by 6.7 percent from 6.3 percent posted in the second quarter of 2011-12. India's GDP growth slumped to 6.5 percent in 2011-12, even lower than the 6.7 percent level achieved during the global financial crisis of 2008-09. The economy had expanded by 8.4 percent in 2010-11. India's GDP at factor cost at constant (2004-05) prices is estimated at Rs.12,93,922 crore in the second quarter of 2012-13, compared to Rs.12,28,982 crore during the corresponding period last year, showing a growth rate of 5.3 percent, the CSO data showed.

India records 57 percent drop in new HIV case


New Delhi: India has recorded a 57 percent drop in number of new HIV infections during the last decade, say latest figures from the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO). India has demonstrated an overall reduction of 57 percent in estimated annual new HIV infections (among adult population) from 2.74 lakh in 2000 to 1.16 lakh in 2011, said a NACO report released Friday. 'Major contribution to this reduction comes from the high prevalence states where a reduction of 76 percent has been noted during the same period. However, rising trends of new infections are noted in the some of the low prevalence states,' the report said. The report, released by Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad, also says nearly 1.5 lakh lives have been saved due to free ART medicines provided to HIV/AIDS patients. 'The latest round of HIV Sentinel Surveillance was completed in 2011. The data generated there has been used for estimation of HIV burden and projection of HIV epidemic trends in the country,' a statement said. 'The HIV estimations 2012 indicate an overall continuing reduction in adult HIV prevalence, new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths in India'. Released on the eve of World AIDS Day, the report says adult HIV prevalence at national level has continued its steady decline from estimated level of 0.41 percent in 2001 through 0.35 percent in 2006 to 0.27 percent in 2011. The estimated number of people living with HIV was 20,88,642 in 2011, the report said. It is estimated that about 1.48 lakh people died of AIDS related causes in 2011 in India. Deaths among HIV infected children account for 7 percent of all AIDS-related deaths. It is estimated that around 1.16 lakh new HIV infections among adults and around 14,500 new infections among children occurred during 2011.

India records 57 percent drop in new HIV case


New Delhi: India has recorded a 57 percent drop in number of new HIV infections during the last decade, say latest figures from the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO). India has demonstrated an overall reduction of 57 percent in estimated annual new HIV infections (among adult population) from 2.74 lakh in 2000 to 1.16 lakh in 2011, said a NACO report released Friday. 'Major contribution to this reduction comes from the high prevalence states where a reduction of 76 percent has been noted during the same period. However, rising trends of new infections are noted in the some of the low prevalence states,' the report said. The report, released by Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad, also says nearly 1.5 lakh lives have been saved due to free ART medicines provided to HIV/AIDS patients. 'The latest round of HIV Sentinel Surveillance was completed in 2011. The data generated there has been used for estimation of HIV burden and projection of HIV epidemic trends in the country,' a statement said. 'The HIV estimations 2012 indicate an overall continuing reduction in adult HIV prevalence, new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths in India'. Released on the eve of World AIDS Day, the report says adult HIV prevalence at national level has continued its steady decline from estimated level of 0.41 percent in 2001 through 0.35 percent in 2006 to 0.27 percent in 2011. The estimated number of people living with HIV was 20,88,642 in 2011, the report said. It is estimated that about 1.48 lakh people died of AIDS related causes in 2011 in India. Deaths among HIV infected children account for 7 percent of all AIDS-related deaths. It is estimated that around 1.16 lakh new HIV infections among adults and around 14,500 new infections among children occurred during 2011.

Ticket inspector shot dead on train near Delhi

Lucknow: A chief ticket inspector (CTI) of the Indian Railways has been shot dead on board the Mahananda Express, between Ghaziabad and New Delhi, police said Saturday. The incident took place late Friday when unidentified assailants shot Kifayatullah in the stomach when he sought to see their tickets. Hailing from Moradabad, the railway official was on duty on the Mahananda Express which runs between West Bengal and New Delhi. He was taken to the Guru Teg Bahadur hospital in New Delhi, where he died at around 10.30 p.m. due to excessive blood loss. Railway officials told IANS that the incident took place near the Sahibabad station when the official was checking tickets. A group of young men had a verbal spat with him and it turned ugly soon after. One of them whipped out a pistol and shot the railway official in his stomach. They then escaped. Shocked passengers pulled the emergency chain and informed the Government Railway Police (GRP) personnel on train. When the train chugged into the Shahdra station, railway officials wheeled out the bleeding CTI and took him to hospital. During treatment, the injured official said he had an altercation with some youngsters as they were not travelling with tickets. He could not speak further, an official said. 'A hunt is on for the assailants,' Pankaj Lawaniya, GRP in-charge of Ghaziabad told IANS, adding that the passengers were being questioned. Train travel has increasingly become scary in Uttar Pradesh, with more than half-a-dozen cases of eve teasing and violence reported in the last six months from trains plying across the state.

Ticket inspector shot dead on train near Delhi

Lucknow: A chief ticket inspector (CTI) of the Indian Railways has been shot dead on board the Mahananda Express, between Ghaziabad and New Delhi, police said Saturday. The incident took place late Friday when unidentified assailants shot Kifayatullah in the stomach when he sought to see their tickets. Hailing from Moradabad, the railway official was on duty on the Mahananda Express which runs between West Bengal and New Delhi. He was taken to the Guru Teg Bahadur hospital in New Delhi, where he died at around 10.30 p.m. due to excessive blood loss. Railway officials told IANS that the incident took place near the Sahibabad station when the official was checking tickets. A group of young men had a verbal spat with him and it turned ugly soon after. One of them whipped out a pistol and shot the railway official in his stomach. They then escaped. Shocked passengers pulled the emergency chain and informed the Government Railway Police (GRP) personnel on train. When the train chugged into the Shahdra station, railway officials wheeled out the bleeding CTI and took him to hospital. During treatment, the injured official said he had an altercation with some youngsters as they were not travelling with tickets. He could not speak further, an official said. 'A hunt is on for the assailants,' Pankaj Lawaniya, GRP in-charge of Ghaziabad told IANS, adding that the passengers were being questioned. Train travel has increasingly become scary in Uttar Pradesh, with more than half-a-dozen cases of eve teasing and violence reported in the last six months from trains plying across the state.

17. Surah Al-Isra' (The Journey by Night) Interpretation of the Meanings of The Noble Quran



In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, Most Merciful
1. Glorified (and Exalted) be He (Allah) [above all that (evil) they associate with Him] [Tafsir Qurtubi, Vol. 10, Page 204] Who took His slave (Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) for a journey by night from Al-Masjid-al-Haram (at Makkah) to the farthest mosque (in Jerusalem), the neighbourhood whereof We have blessed, in order that We might show him (Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) of Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.). Verily, He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer.
2. And We gave Musa (Moses) the Scripture and made it a guidance for the Children of Israel (saying): "Take not other than Me as (your) Wakil (Protector, Lord, or Disposer of your affairs, etc).
3. "O offspring of those whom We carried (in the ship) with Nuh (Noah)! Verily, he was a grateful slave."
4. And We decreed for the Children of Israel in the Scripture, that indeed you would do mischief on the earth twice and you will become tyrants and extremely arrogant!
5. So, when the promise came for the first of the two, We sent against you slaves of Ours given to terrible warfare. They entered the very innermost parts of your homes. And it was a promise (completely) fulfilled.
6. Then We gave you once again, a return of victory over them. And We helped you with wealth and children and made you more numerous in man power.
7. (And We said): "If you do good, you do good for your ownselves, and if you do evil (you do it) against yourselves." Then, when the second promise came to pass, (We permitted your enemies) to make your faces sorrowful and to enter the mosque (of Jerusalem) as they had entered it before, and to destroy with utter destruction all that fell in their hands.
8. [And We said in the Taurat (Torah)]: "It may be that your Lord may show mercy unto you, but if you return (to sins), We shall return (to Our Punishment). And We have made Hell a prison for the disbelievers.
9. Verily, this Qur'an guides to that which is most just and right and gives glad tidings to the believers (in the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger, Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif, etc.). who work deeds of righteousness, that they shall have a great reward (Paradise).
10. And that those who believe not in the Hereafter (i.e. they disbelieve that they will be recompensed for what they did in this world, good or bad, etc.), for them We have prepared a painful torment (Hell).
11. And man invokes (Allah) for evil as he invokes (Allah) for good and man is ever hasty [i.e., if he is angry with somebody, he invokes (saying): "O Allah! Curse him, etc." and that one should not do, but one should be patient].
12. And We have appointed the night and the day as two Ayat (signs etc.). Then, We have made dark the sign of the night while We have made the sign of day illuminating, that you may seek bounty from your Lord, and that you may know the number of the years and the reckoning. And We have explained everything (in detail) with full explanation.
13. And We have fastened every man's deeds to his neck, and on the Day of Resurrection, We shall bring out for him a book which he will find wide open.
14. (It will be said to him): "Read your book. You yourself are sufficient as a reckoner against you this Day."
15. Whoever goes right, then he goes right only for the benefit of his ownself. And whoever goes astray, then he goes astray to his own loss. No one laden with burdens can bear another's burden. And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger (to give warning).
16. And when We decide to destroy a town (population), We (first) send a definite order (to obey Allah and be righteous) to those among them [or We (first) increase in number those of its population] who are given the good things of this life. Then, they transgress therein, and thus the word (of torment) is justified against it (them). Then We destroy it with complete destruction.
17. And how many generations have We destroyed after Nuh (Noah)! And Sufficient is your Lord as an All-Knower and All-Beholder of the sins of His slaves.
18. Whoever wishes for the quick-passing (transitory enjoyment of this world), We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, afterwards, We have appointed for him Hell, he will burn therein disgraced and rejected, ( far away from Allah's Mercy).
19. And whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it, with the necessary effort due for it (i.e. do righteous deeds of Allah's Obedience) while he is a believer (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism), then such are the ones whose striving shall be appreciated, thanked and rewarded (by Allah).
20. To each these as well as those We bestow from the Bounties of your Lord. And the Bounties of your Lord can never be forbidden.
21. See how We prefer one above another (in this world) and verily, the Hereafter will be greater in degrees and greater in preference.
22. Set not up with Allah any other ilah (god), (O man)! (This verse is addressed to Prophet Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif , but its implication is general to all mankind), or you will sit down reproved, forsaken (in the Hell-fire).
23. And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be dutiful to your parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of disrespect, nor shout at them but address them in terms of honour.
24. And lower unto them the wing of submission and humility through mercy, and say: "My Lord! Bestow on them Your Mercy as they did bring me up when I was small."
25. Your Lord knows best what is in your inner-selves. If you are righteous, then, verily, He is Ever Most Forgiving to those who turn unto Him again and again in obedience, and in repentance.
26. And give to the kindred his due and to the Miskin (poor) and to the wayfarer. But spend not wastefully (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift . [Tafsir. At-Tabari, Vol. 10, Page 158 (Verse 9: 60)].
27. Verily, spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin (devils), and the Shaitan (Devil - Satan) is ever ungrateful to his Lord.
28. And if you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) turn away from them (kindred, poor, wayfarer, etc. whom We have ordered you to give their rights, but if you have no money at the time they ask you for it) and you are awaiting a mercy from your Lord for which you hope, then, speak unto them a soft kind word (i.e. Allah will give me and I shall give you).
29. And let not your hand be tied (like a miser) to your neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach (like a spendthrift), so that you become blameworthy and in severe poverty.
30. Truly, your Lord enlarges the provision for whom He wills and straitens (for whom He wills). Verily, He is Ever All-Knower, All-Seer of His slaves.
31. And kill not your children for fear of poverty. We provide for them and for you. Surely, the killing of them is a great sin.
32. And come not near to the unlawful sexual intercourse. Verily, it is a Fahishah [i.e. anything that transgresses its limits (a great sin)], and an evil way (that leads one to Hell unless Allah forgives him).
33. And do not kill anyone which Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause. And whoever is killed (intentionally with hostility and oppression and not by mistake), We have given his heir the authority [(to demand Qisas, Law of Equality in punishment or to forgive, or to take Diya (blood money)]. But let him not exceed limits in the matter of taking life (i.e he should not kill except the killer only). Verily, he is helped (by the Islamic law).
34. And come not near to the orphan's property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength. And fulfil (every) covenant. Verily! the covenant, will be questioned about.
35. And give full measure when you measure, and weigh with a balance that is straight. That is good (advantageous) and better in the end.
36. And follow not (O man i.e., say not, or do not or witness not, etc.) that of which you have no knowledge (e.g. one's saying: "I have seen," while in fact he has not seen, or "I have heard," while he has not heard). Verily! The hearing, and the sight, and the heart, of each of those you will be questioned (by Allah).
37. And walk not on the earth with conceit and arrogance. Verily, you can neither rend nor penetrate the earth, nor can you attain a stature like the mountains in height.
38. All the bad aspects of these (the above mentioned things) are hateful to your Lord.
39. This is (part) of Al-Hikmah (wisdom, good manners and high character, etc.) which your Lord has inspired to you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif ). And set not up with Allah any other ilah (god) lest you should be thrown into Hell, blameworthy and rejected, (from Allah's Mercy).
40. Has then your Lord (O pagans of Makkah) preferred for you sons, and taken for Himself from among the angels daughters. Verily! You utter an awful saying, indeed.
41. And surely, We have explained [Our Promises, Warnings and (set forth many) examples] in this Qur'an that they (the disbelievers) may take heed, but it increases them in naught save aversion.
42. Say (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif to these polytheists, pagans, etc.): "If there had been other aliha (gods) along with Him as they assert, then they would certainly have sought out a way to the Lord of the Throne (seeking His Pleasures and to be near to Him).
43. Glorified and High be He! From 'Uluwan Kabira (the great falsehood) that they say! (i.e.forged statements that there are other gods along with Allah, but He is Allah, the One, the Self-Sufficient Master, whom all creatures need. He begets not, nor was He begotten, and there is none comparable or coequal unto Him).
44. The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His Praise. But you understand not their glorification. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.
45. And when you (Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) recite the Qur'an, We put between you and those who believe not in the Hereafter, an invisible veil (or screen their hearts, so they hear or understand it not).
46. And We have put coverings over their hearts lest, they should understand it (the Qur'an), and in their ears deafness. And when you make mention of your Lord Alone [La ilaha ill-Allah (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah) Islamic Monotheism] in the Qur'an, they turn on their backs, fleeing in extreme dislikeness.
47. We know best of what they listen to, when they listen to you. And when they take secret counsel, behold, the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers, etc.) say: "You follow none but a bewitched man."
48. See what examples they have put forward for you. So they have gone astray, and never can they find a way.
49. And they say: "When we are bones and fragments (destroyed), should we really be resurrected (to be) a new creation?"
50. Say (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) "Be you stones or iron,"
51. "Or some created thing that is yet greater (or harder) in your breasts (thoughts to be resurrected, even then you shall be resurrected)" Then, they will say: "Who shall bring us back (to life)?" Say: "He Who created you first!" Then, they will shake their heads at you and say: "When will that be ?" Say: "Perhaps it is near!"
52. On the Day when He will call you, and you will answer (His Call) with (words of) His Praise and Obedience, and you will think that you have stayed (in this world) but a little while!
53. And say to My slaves (i.e. the true believers of Islamic Monotheism) that they should (only) say those words that are the best. (Because) Shaitan (Satan) verily, sows disagreements among them. Surely, Shaitan (Satan) is to man a plain enemy.
54. Your Lord knows you best, if He will, He will have mercy on you, or if He will, He will punish you. And We have not sent you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) as a guardian over them.
55. And your Lord knows best all who are in the heavens and the earth. And indeed, We have preferred some of the Prophets above others, and to Dawud (David) We gave the Zabur (Psalms).
56. Say (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif): "Call unto those besides Him whom you pretend [to be gods like angels, Iesa (Jesus), 'Uzair (Ezra), etc.]. They have neither the power to remove the adversity from you nor even to shift it from you to another person."
57. Those whom they call upon [like 'Iesa (Jesus) - son of Maryam (Mary), 'Uzair (Ezra), angel, etc.] desire (for themselves) means of access to their Lord (Allah), as to which of them should be the nearest and they ['Iesa (Jesus), 'Uzair (Ezra), angels, etc.] hope for His Mercy and fear His Torment. Verily, the Torment of your Lord is something to be afraid of!
58. And there is not a town (population) but We shall destroy it before the Day of Resurrection, or punish it with a severe torment. That is written in the Book (of our Decrees)
59. And nothing stops Us from sending the Ayat (proofs, evidences, signs) but that the people of old denied them. And We sent the she-camel to Thamud as a clear sign, but they did her wrong. And We sent not the signs except to warn, and to make them afraid (of destruction).
60. And (remember) when We told you: "Verily! Your Lord has encompassed mankind (i.e. they are in His Grip)." And We made not the vision which we showed you (O Muhammad as an actual eye-witness and not as a dream on the night of Al-Isra') but a trial for mankind, and likewise the accursed tree (Zaqqum, mentioned) in the Qur'an. We warn and make them afraid but it only increases them in naught save great disbelief, oppression and disobedience to Allah.
61. And (remember) when We said to the angels: "Prostrate unto Adam." They prostrated except Iblis (Satan). He said: "Shall I prostrate to one whom You created from clay?"
62. [Iblis (Satan)] said: "See? This one whom You have honoured above me, if You give me respite (keep me alive) to the Day of Resurrection, I will surely seize and mislead his offspring (by sending them astray) all but a few!"
63. (Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of them follows you, surely! Hell will be the recompense of you (all) an ample recompense.
64. "And Istafziz [literally means: befool them gradually] those whom you can among them with your voice (i.e. songs, music, and any other call for Allah's disobedience), make assaults on them with your cavalry and your infantry, mutually share with them wealth and children (by tempting them to earn money by illegal ways usury, etc., or by committing illegal sexual intercourse, etc.), and make promises to them." But Satan promises them nothing but deceit.
65. "Verily! My slaves (i.e the true believers of Islamic Monotheism), you have no authority over them. And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian."
66. Your Lord is He Who drives the ship for you through the sea, in order that you may seek of His Bounty. Truly! He is Ever Most Merciful towards you.
67. And when harm touches you upon the sea, those that you call upon besides Him vanish from you except Him (Allah Alone). But when He brings you safely to land, you turn away (from Him). And man is ever ungrateful.
68. Do you then feel secure that He will not cause a side of the land to swallow you up, or that He will not send against you a violent sand-storm? Then, you shall find no Wakil (guardian one to guard you from the torment).
69. Or do you feel secure that He will not send you back a second time to sea and send against you a hurricane of wind and drown you because of your disbelief, then you will not find any avenger therein against Us?
70. And indeed We have honoured the Children of Adam, and We have carried them on land and sea, and have provided them with At-Taiyibat (lawful good things), and have preferred them above many of those whom We have created with a marked preference.
71. (And remember) the Day when We shall call together all human beings with their (respective) Imam [their Prophets, or their records of good and bad deeds, or their Holy Books like the Qur'an, the Taurat (Torah), the Injeel (Gospel), etc.]. So whosoever is given his record in his right hand, such will read their records, and they will not be dealt with unjustly in the least.
72. And whoever is blind in this world (i.e., does not see Allah's Signs and believes not in Him), will be blind in the Hereafter, and more astray from the Path.
73. Verily, they were about to tempt you away from that which We have revealed (the Qur'an) unto you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif), to fabricate something other than it against Us, and then they would certainly have taken you a friend!
74. And had We not made you stand firm, you would nearly have inclined to them a little.
75. In that case, We would have made you taste a double portion (of punishment) in this life and a double portion (of punishment) after death. And then you would have found none to help you against Us.
76. And Verily, they were about to frighten you so much as to drive you out from the land. But in that case they would not have stayed (therein) after you, expcept for a little while.
77. (This was Our) Sunnah (rule or way) with the Messengers We sent before you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif), and you will not find any alteration in Our Sunnah (rule or way, etc.).
78. Perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat) from mid-day till the darkness of the night (i.e. the Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha' prayers), and recite the Qur'an in the early dawn (i.e. the morning prayer). Verily, the recitation of the Qur'an in the early dawn is ever witnessed (attended by the angels in charge of mankind of the day and the night).
79. And in some parts of the night (also) offer the Salat (prayer) with it (i.e. recite the Qur'an in the prayer), as an additional prayer (Tahajjud optional prayerNawafil) for you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif). It may be that your Lord will raise you to Maqaman Mahmuda (a station of praise and glory, i.e. the highest degree in Paradise!).
80. And say (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif): My Lord! Let my entry (to the city of Al-Madinah) be good, and likewise my exit (from the city of Makkah) be good. And grant me from You an authority to help me (or a firm sign or a proof).
81. And say: "Truth (i.e. Islamic Monotheism or this Qur'an or Jihad against polytheists) has come and Batil (falsehood, i.e. Satan or polytheism, etc.) has vanished. Surely! Batil is ever bound to vanish."
82. And We send down from the Qur'an that which is a healing and a mercy to those who believe (in Islamic Monotheism and act on it), and it increases theZalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers) nothing but loss.
83. And when We bestow Our Grace on man (the disbeliever), he turns away and becomes arrogant, far away from the Right Path. And when evil touches him he is in great despair.
84. Say (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif to mankind): "Each one does according to Shakilatihi (i.e. his way or his religion or his intentions, etc.), and your Lord knows best of him whose path (religion, etc.) is right."
85. And they ask you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) concerning the Ruh (the Spirit); Say: "The Ruh (the Spirit): it is one of the things, the knowledge of which is only with my Lord. And of knowledge, you (mankind) have been given only a little."
86. And if We willed We could surely take away that which We have revealed to you by inspiration (i.e. this Qur'an). Then you would find no protector for you against Us in that respect.
87. Except as a Mercy from your Lord. Verily! His Grace unto you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) is ever great.
88. Say: "If the mankind and the jinns were together to produce the like of this Qur'an, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another."
89. And indeed We have fully explained to mankind, in this Qur'an, every kind of similitude, but most mankind refuse (the truth and accept nothing) but disbelief.
90. And they say: "We shall not believe in you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif), until you cause a spring to gush forth from the earth for us;
91. "Or you have a garden of date-palms and grapes, and cause rivers to gush forth in their midst abundantly;
92. "Or you cause the heaven to fall upon us in pieces, as you have pretended, or you bring Allah and the angels before (us) face to face;
93. "Or you have a house of adornable materials (like silver and pure gold, etc.), or you ascend up into the sky, and even then we will put no faith in your ascension until you bring down for us a Book that we would read." Say (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif): "Glorified (and Exalted) be my Lord (Allah) above all that evil they (polytheists) associate with Him! Am I anything but a man, sent as a Messenger?"
94. And nothing prevented men from believing when the guidance came to them, except that they said: "Has Allah sent a man as (His) Messenger?"
95. Say: "If there were on the earth, angels walking about in peace and security, We should certainly have sent down for them from the heaven an angel as a Messenger."
96. Say: "Sufficient is Allah for a witness between me and you. Verily! He is the All-Knower, the All-Seer of His slaves."
97. And he whom Allah guides, he is led aright; but he whom He sends astray for such you will find no Auliya' (helpers and protectors, etc.), besides Him, and We shall gather them together on the Day of Resurrection on their faces, blind, dumb and deaf, their abode will be Hell; whenever it abates, We shall increase for them the fierceness of the Fire.
98. That is their recompense, because they denied Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) and said: "When we are bones and fragments, shall we really be raised up as a new creation?"
99. See they not that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, is Able to create the like of them. And He has decreed for them an appointed term, whereof there is not doubt. But the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers, etc.) refuse (the truth the Message of Islamic Monotheism, and accept nothing) but disbelief.
100. Say (to the disbelievers): "If you possessed the treasure of the Mercy of my Lord (wealth, money, provision, etc.), then you would surely hold back (from spending) for fear of (being exhausted), and man is ever miserly!"
101. And indeed We gave to Musa (Moses) nine clear signs. Ask then the Children of Israel, when he came to them, then Fir'aun (Pharaoh) said to him: "O Musa (Moses)! I think you are indeed bewitched."
102. [Musa (Moses)] said: "Verily, you know that these signs have been sent down by none but the Lord of the heavens and the earth as clear (evidences i.e. proofs of Allah's Oneness and His Omnipotence, etc.). And I think you are, indeed, O Fir'aun (Pharaoh) doomed to destruction (away from all good)!"
103. So he resolved to turn them out of the land (of Egypt). But We drowned him and all who were with him.
104. And We said to the Children of Israel after him: "Dwell in the land, then, when the final and the last promise comes near [i.e. the Day of Resurrection or the descent of Christ ['Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary) on the earth]. We shall bring you altogether as mixed crowd (gathered out of various nations).[Tafsir Al-Qurtubi, Vol. 10, Page 338]
105. And with truth We have sent it down (i.e. the Qur'an), and with truth it has descended. And We have sent you (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif) as nothing but a bearer of glad tidings (of Paradise, for those who follow your Message of Islamic Monotheism), and a warner (of Hell-fire for those who refuse to follow your Message of Islamic Monotheism).
106. And (it is) a Qur'an which We have divided (into parts), in order that you might recite it to men at intervals. And We have revealed it by stages. (in 23 years).
107. Say (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif to them): "Believe in it (the Qur'an) or do not believe (in it). Verily! Those who were given knowledge before it (the Jews and the Christians like 'Abdullah bin Salam and Salman Al-Farisi), when it is recited to them, fall down on their faces in humble prostration."
108. And they say: "Glory be to our Lord! Truly, the Promise of our Lord must be fulfilled."
109. And they fall down on their faces weeping and it adds to their humility.
110. Say (O Muhammad http://noblequran.com/translation/images/saws.gif): "Invoke Allah or invoke the Most Beneficent (Allah), by whatever name you invoke Him (it is the same), for to Him belong the Best Names. And offer your Salat (prayer) neither aloud nor in a low voice, but follow a way between.
111. And say: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has not begotten a son (nor an offspring), and Who has no partner in (His) Dominion, nor He is low to have a Wali (helper, protector or supporter). And magnify Him with all the magnificence, [Allahu-Akbar (Allah is the Most Great)]."


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