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BEIJING: Scientists have developed a new display with three-dimensional
visual effects, which will enable viewers to watch a 3 D movie on their
smartphone without getting a headache or feeling nauseous.
The device is based on a "super multi-view technique" which works to
reduce viewer discomfort, and also greatly decreases the required number
of microdisplays, which makes a compact design possible.
"There are many causes for 3D-viewing discomfort, but the most
substantial one is the vergence-accomodation conflict," said Lilin Liu
from Sun Yan-Sen University in China.
Vergence-accommodation conflict is a mismatch between the point at
which the eyes converge on an image and the distance to which they focus
when viewing 3D images, researchers said.
Human eyes are separated by about six centimetres, which means that
when we look at an object, the two eyes see slightly different images.
Our brain directs both eyes to the same object and the distance at
which the eyes' sight lines cross is technically called "vergence
distance."
Meanwhile, our brain adjusts the focus of the lens within each eye to
make the image sharp and clear on the retina. The distance to which the
eye is focused is called "the accommodative distance."
Failure to converge leads to double images, while mis-accommodation results in blurry images.
In natural viewing, human's vergence and accommodation responses are
correlated with each other and adjust simultaneously. In other words,
vergence and accommodation distance are almost always the same - that is
why we can always see an object clearly and comfortably.
Conventional 3D displays try to mimic the natural viewing by creating
images with varying binocular difference, which simulates vergence
changes in the natural 3D landscape.
But the accommodative distance remains unchanged at the display
distance, resulting in the so-called vergence-accommodation conflict
that causes viewer discomfort.
"Conventional 3D displays usually deliver some views of the displayed
spatial spot to a single eye pupil. That is why accommodative distance
remains fixed on the display screen and cannot adjust simultaneously as
vergence distance does, causing vergence-accommodation conflict," said
Liu.
Researchers' solution is to project numerous 2D perspective views to
viewpoints with intervals smaller than the pupil diametre of the eye.
This means the device can deliver at least two different views to a
single eye pupil.
The prototype system consists of 11 elementary projecting units. Each
projecting unit is constructed by an organic light-emitting diode
micro-display, a rectangular projecting lens, two vertical baffles and a
group of gating apertures (liquid crystal panel) attached to the
projecting lens.
To test viewers' reactions to the prototype system, eight subjects were
asked to observe a displayed 3D image of an apple in the lab
environment and no headache or discomfort was reported. The findings
were published in the journal Optics Express.
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